Abdominal surgery refers to surgical procedures performed on organs and structures within the abdominal cavity. These surgeries can be necessary for a variety of reasons, including disease management, injury repair, or cosmetic enhancement. The abdomen contains vital organs such as the stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys, so surgeries in this area can range from routine procedures to complex interventions.

Here are some common types of abdominal surgery:

1. Appendectomy: Removal of the appendix, typically performed in cases of appendicitis, an inflammation of the appendix.
2. Cholecystectomy: Removal of the gallbladder, often necessary due to gallstones or other gallbladder problems.
3. Hernia Repair: Surgery to repair a hernia, which occurs when an organ or tissue protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall. Types of hernia repair include inguinal hernia repair, umbilical hernia repair, and incisional hernia repair.
4. Colectomy: Removal of part or all of the colon (large intestine), often performed to treat conditions such as colorectal cancer, diverticulitis, or inflammatory bowel disease.
5. Gastrectomy: Removal of part or all of the stomach, usually performed to treat stomach cancer or severe peptic ulcers.
6. Pancreatectomy: Removal of part or all of the pancreas, often necessary for treating pancreatic cancer or severe pancreatitis.
7. Liver Resection: Surgical removal of part of the liver, typically to treat liver cancer or to remove benign liver tumors.
8. Splenectomy: Removal of the spleen, often performed due to trauma, blood disorders, or certain types of cancer.
9. Bariatric Surgery: Various surgical procedures aimed at promoting weight loss by restricting food intake or altering the digestive process. Examples include gastric bypass surgery, sleeve gastrectomy, and gastric banding.
10. Exploratory Laparotomy: A surgical procedure used to examine the organs inside the abdomen for diagnostic purposes or to address abdominal trauma.