Carotid stenosis refers to the narrowing or blockage of one or both of the carotid arteries, which are the major blood vessels in the neck that supply oxygen-rich blood to the brain. This narrowing typically occurs due to the buildup of plaque (atherosclerosis) inside the artery walls.

When the carotid arteries become narrowed or blocked, it can restrict blood flow to the brain, leading to an increased risk of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), often referred to as a “mini-stroke.”

Treatment for carotid stenosis aims to reduce the risk of stroke by improving blood flow to the brain and preventing plaque buildup from causing further narrowing or blockage of the arteries. Treatment options may include:

1. Lifestyle modifications: This may include adopting a heart-healthy diet, quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and managing conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes.
2. Medications: Certain medications, such as antiplatelet drugs (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel) and statins, may be prescribed to help prevent blood clots and reduce cholesterol levels, respectively.
3. Carotid endarterectomy: This surgical procedure involves removing the plaque buildup from inside the carotid artery to restore proper blood flow. It is often recommended for individuals with significant carotid stenosis and a history of TIAs or stroke.
4. Carotid artery stenting: In this minimally invasive procedure, a stent (a small metal mesh tube) is inserted into the narrowed carotid artery to hold it open and improve blood flow. Carotid artery stenting may be an option for individuals who are not good candidates for carotid endarterectomy.

The decision on the most appropriate treatment for carotid stenosis depends on various factors, including the severity of the narrowing, the presence of symptoms, the individual’s overall health, and their risk of complications from surgery or other interventions.