Reflux surgery, also known as anti-reflux surgery or fundoplication, is a surgical procedure performed to treat severe cases of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) when other conservative treatments have not provided relief or when there are complications.

GERD is a chronic condition where stomach acid regularly flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing. If left untreated, GERD can lead to complications such as Barrett’s esophagus or esophageal cancer.

The primary surgical option for treating GERD is fundoplication, where the top of the stomach is wrapped around the lower esophagus to strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and prevent acid reflux. There are different types of fundoplication procedures, with the most common being Nissen fundoplication and Toupet fundoplication.

Reflux surgery is typically considered when lifestyle changes and medication fail to manage GERD symptoms adequately. Candidates for surgery are those with severe, chronic GERD, complications such as Barrett’s esophagus, or those who are unable to tolerate long-term medication use.